If you are still smoking weed at 30, scientists have some really bad news for you

As marijuana becomes increasingly accepted worldwide, its reputation as a harmless way to relax or relieve pain is growing alongside it. Yet, behind the haze of growing popularity, there lies a more complex picture. Recent research suggests that marijuana use, particularly for those over 30, might come with hidden costs that go beyond the high.

Could this popular plant be affecting our bodies and minds in ways we don’t yet fully understand? From its potential impact on heart health to its effects on mental clarity, there is much more to uncover about how marijuana might be influencing our lives.

The Hidden Cost of Continued Marijuana Use: Study

In a fascinating study from the University of Queensland, published in Addiction Research & Theory, researchers delved into how long-term cannabis and amphetamine use affects life success in adults. They looked at over 10,000 individuals, focusing on their drug habits at ages 21 and 30, and how these habits correlated with measures of success like job stability, income, and personal happiness.

The findings were quite revealing: continued use of these substances into adulthood was linked to lower achievement levels in nearly all areas studied. This suggests that prolonged drug use might have more than just health costs—it could also impact your ability to reach typical adult milestones.

However, the study isn’t without its flaws. The data, which started collecting back in 1981 and is purely from Australia, might not paint the whole picture for other parts of the world today. Plus, the study couldn’t separate cannabis users from those who might be mixing it up with other drugs, leaving us with a cloudy picture of what’s specifically causing these life disruptions.

The research also touched on something bigger—how getting tangled up with drugs can lead to legal troubles, which in turn kickstart a vicious cycle of challenges. The researchers suggest that targeted support for young people showing early signs of trouble, like poor school performance or antisocial behavior, could help prevent these spirals.

Physical and Psychological Effects of Marijuana

Marijuana, while often perceived as a relatively safe substance, can have several notable effects on both the body and the mind. Understanding these effects is crucial for making informed decisions about its use.

Impact on Body Systems

1. Respiratory System: Like tobacco smoke, marijuana smoke contains toxins and carcinogens that can irritate the lungs and airways, potentially leading to bronchitis and other respiratory issues. Although there is no conclusive evidence linking marijuana smoke to lung cancer, smoking marijuana regularly can cause respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and increased phlegm production. Individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma may find their symptoms exacerbated by marijuana use (Harvard Medical School, Johns Hopkins University).
2. Circulatory System: Marijuana use, especially frequent use, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular issues, including heart attack and stroke. Research has shown that THC, the psychoactive compound in marijuana, can cause inflammation in the endothelial cells lining blood vessels, leading to conditions such as atherosclerosis. Studies have indicated that people who use marijuana more than once a month have a higher risk of heart attacks, particularly those who use it frequently (Stanford Medicine, Harvard Medical School). Additionally, marijuana use can increase heart rate and blood pressure, posing risks to those with pre-existing heart conditions (Stanford Medicine).
3. Digestive System: While marijuana can increase appetite—commonly referred to as “the munchies”—it can also cause nausea and vomiting in some users, particularly those who use it heavily over a long period. On the other hand, THC has shown some effectiveness in reducing nausea and increasing appetite, particularly in patients undergoing cancer treatments. The overall impact on the digestive system varies depending on the frequency of use and the individual’s health status (Harvard Medical School).
4. Immune System: There is mixed evidence on how marijuana affects the immune system. Some studies suggest that THC might suppress immune function, potentially making users more susceptible to infections. Conversely, this immunosuppressive effect could be beneficial for individuals with autoimmune diseases, although further research is needed to fully understand these interactions (Johns Hopkins University).

Mental Health and Cognitive Impact

1. Anxiety, Depression, and Psychosis: Marijuana use has been linked to various mental health outcomes. While some users find that cannabis helps relieve symptoms of anxiety or depression, others may experience increased anxiety, paranoia, or even panic attacks. Regular use, especially starting at a young age, has been associated with an increased risk of psychosis and schizophrenia. The risk is higher in those with a family history of these conditions (Cornell University, Johns Hopkins University).
2. Memory, Judgment, and Cognitive Function: Frequent marijuana use, particularly during adolescence when the brain is still developing, can affect cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and judgment. Research has shown that heavy use can result in poorer performance on cognitive tasks and may impair brain structures involved in decision-making and learning. Neuroimaging studies have revealed changes in brain regions critical for these functions among early-onset users (Harvard Medical School).
3. Addiction and Dependence: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a recognized condition characterized by an inability to control marijuana use despite its negative impact on life. Approximately 1 in 10 people who use marijuana may become addicted, with the risk increasing for those who start young or use frequently. Symptoms of CUD include cravings, increased tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and continued use despite personal, social, or professional harm (Johns Hopkins University, Cornell University).

Marijuana and Cardiovascular Health

Marijuana use is increasingly linked to various cardiovascular health risks. Research from Stanford Medicine indicates that people who smoke marijuana more than once a month have a higher risk of heart attacks and heart disease. This is largely due to THC, the psychoactive compound in marijuana, which can cause inflammation in the endothelial cells that line blood vessels, leading to atherosclerosis. This condition, characterized by the buildup of plaques in the arteries, can significantly increase the risk of heart attack, particularly in those already predisposed to cardiovascular issues.

A study involving about 500,000 participants found that frequent marijuana users were more likely to have heart attacks at a younger age, a phenomenon known as a “premature heart attack,” which elevates the risk of further cardiovascular complications throughout life. Additionally, THC promotes inflammation and can lead to a damaging molecular cascade in the blood vessels, exacerbating conditions like heart failure and life-threatening arrhythmias (Stanford Medicine).

Moreover, marijuana use has been associated with increased blood pressure and heart rate, which can be especially dangerous for those with pre-existing heart conditions. The risk of a heart attack is reportedly several times higher in the hour following marijuana consumption, particularly if smoked (Harvard Health).

While the adverse effects of THC on the cardiovascular system are evident, research is ongoing to find ways to mitigate these effects. For instance, a molecule found in soybeans, genistein, has shown promise in reducing THC-induced damage to blood vessels without affecting the central nervous system benefits, such as pain relief.

Safer Practices and Precautions for Marijuana Users

To reduce the risks associated with marijuana use, especially its impact on physical and mental health, consider the following safer practices:

1. Choose Alternative Methods of Consumption: Instead of smoking, which can irritate your lungs and contribute to respiratory issues, opt for methods like edibles, tinctures, or vaporizing dry herbs. These methods reduce exposure to harmful chemicals found in smoke. If you do choose to smoke, avoid holding the smoke in your lungs for extended periods, as it does not increase the effects but does increase lung irritation.
2. Monitor Dosage and Frequency: The risks associated with marijuana largely depend on the dose and frequency of use. Regular, heavy use can lead to cognitive impairments, addiction, and exacerbated mental health issues. To minimize these risks, use marijuana in moderation and avoid daily use if possible.
3. Be Aware of Drug Interactions: If you are using marijuana to manage medical conditions, inform your healthcare provider, especially if you are on other medications. Marijuana can interact with medications, leading to unintended side effects or reduced efficacy (Harvard Gazette).
4. Avoid Use Before or During High-Risk Activities: Refrain from using marijuana before activities that require full cognitive function and coordination, such as driving or operating machinery. Marijuana can impair reaction time, decision-making, and coordination, increasing the risk of accidents.
5. Stay Informed About Your Product: Given the variety of marijuana products available, ensure that you are aware of the THC and CBD levels in the product you are using. Different products and strains have varying effects, and understanding these can help you manage your use more effectively.

Potential Benefits of Marijuana

Marijuana has been recognized for several potential health benefits, particularly in medical settings. Although research is still evolving, there are promising findings regarding the therapeutic uses of certain cannabinoids found in marijuana, such as CBD (cannabidiol) and THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).

1. Pain Management: Marijuana, especially THC, has been used effectively to relieve chronic pain, a common reason people turn to medical cannabis. Some studies indicate that cannabis may help improve quality of life for those with conditions like arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain, though more rigorous trials are needed to confirm its efficacy across various patient populations.
2. Reduction in Seizures: CBD has shown significant promise in reducing the frequency and severity of seizures, particularly in treatment-resistant epilepsy syndromes like Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. This has led to the FDA approval of a CBD-based medication, Epidiolex, specifically for these conditions.
3. Anxiety and Mental Health Disorders: Some evidence suggests that CBD may help manage anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and PTSD. Preclinical studies have shown that CBD may reduce symptoms like stress and anxiety without the intoxicating effects associated with THC. However, the effects can vary greatly depending on the individual’s condition and the cannabis product used.
4. Reducing Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders: Cannabinoids, particularly CBD, have been found to have anti-inflammatory properties that may benefit those suffering from gastrointestinal disorders like Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). These anti-inflammatory effects could help manage symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramping, and diarrhea.
5. Potential Cancer Treatment: Research is ongoing regarding cannabis’s potential role in cancer treatment. CBD has been studied for its ability to alleviate side effects of chemotherapy, such as nausea and vomiting, and for its potential anti-cancer effects, including inhibiting the growth of certain cancer cells and promoting cell death in some cases.
6. Heart Health: While there are cardiovascular risks associated with THC use, CBD has been studied for its potential to lower blood pressure and reduce inflammation, which could have protective effects on the heart. One study found that CBD could lower resting blood pressure and reduce blood pressure response to stress.
7. Addiction Recovery: Interestingly, CBD has also been explored as a potential aid in recovering from addiction to other substances. Some studies suggest that CBD may reduce cravings and anxiety related to withdrawal from drugs like opioids, alcohol, and cocaine, possibly lowering the risk of relapse.

Balancing Risks and Benefits of Cannabis

Marijuana’s increasing acceptance for both recreational and medicinal use has sparked widespread interest and debate about its potential effects on health. While many users enjoy its relaxing properties and others seek relief from medical conditions, it is essential to be mindful of the possible risks involved, particularly for those over 30. Research shows that marijuana use can impact cardiovascular health, cognitive function, and mental well-being, especially with frequent use. However, there are also notable benefits, such as pain relief, seizure reduction, and potential anxiety management, which underscore its therapeutic potential.

Ultimately, the decision to use marijuana should be made with careful consideration of the available evidence, the method of consumption, and personal health conditions. As science continues to explore the complexities of cannabis, an informed and balanced approach to its use can help maximize potential benefits while minimizing risks. For anyone considering or currently using marijuana, especially for medical reasons, consulting with a healthcare professional is crucial to ensuring safe and effective use.